天津市美丽乡村建设模式及效益评价体系构建

［目的］“美丽乡村”建设是全面推进现代化农业发展，加强生态文明建设的重要举措。归纳天津市“美丽乡村”建设模式，构建效益评价体系，并对乡村建设效益进行评价，以期为实现该市乡村建设奋斗目标提供理论参考。［方法］通过调研天津市乡村发展现状，在归纳总结该市乡村建设模式的基础上，采用层次分析法和综合加权法，从社会、经济和生态效益3个层面构建了美丽乡村建设效益评价体系，并对“美丽乡村”建设项目实施前和2016年的建设效益进行评价。［结果］（1）天津市乡村建设模式可分为4种类型，分别为休闲旅游、文化传承、高效农业和环境整治型，涌现出了一批各具特色的典型村落，发展较为迅速。（2）从启动美丽乡村建设项目止2016年，该市乡村建设取得了明显的生态、社会和经济效益，评价分值相比项目实施前分别提高了6513%、4167%和3621%，综合效益评分提高了50%。［结论］天津市美丽乡村建设取得了较好的成效，其他村庄在建设过程中，可参考已建设成型的典范，因地制宜，选择适合规划的发展模式。已建设成型的村庄发展空间还很大，仍需不断缩短城乡差距，推动美丽乡村的可持续健康发展。     

Equity and the environment: An application of the Berliant–Strauss vertical and horizontal equity framework to measuring the distributional effects of air quality regulation

The distributional effects of a major air regulation in the United State in 2015 were analyzed using Berliant and Strauss Index Numbers, a set of theoretical and empirical equity metrics, and reduced‐form models that estimate the mortality effects of air pollutant emissions and their source contributions. By viewing the effects of pollution on human mortality as an implicit tax, we found progressivity in 54% to 56% of vertical comparisons and inequity in 92% to 94% of horizontal comparisons. The introduction of the proposed policy made 58% of vertical comparisons more progressive and was equitable to 70% of horizontal comparisons.     

Is health care a necessity or a luxury? Evidence from urban China

This article uses a smooth transition regression (STR) model to research the income elasticity of the health care expenditure of China’s urban residents in the 1990–2013 period. The results demonstrate that if the real income of China’s urban residents that lags a period is taken as a transition variable, urban residents’ health expenditure follows an LSTR1 nonlinear two-regime model. Here, the income elasticity of health care expenditure of China’s urban residents is 1.4919 in 1990–2002 and 1.2216 in 2003–2013. Overall, the income elasticity of health care of China’s urban residents is greater than 1, indicating that health care is a luxury.     

An evolutionary complex systems perspective on urban health

Deliberations about how to govern complex problems of urban health and wellbeing sustainably have often been implicitly biased by ideas such as being ‘human-scale’ or ‘people-centered.’ With increasing urban populations and increasing urban system interconnectivity, many cities have transformed into city regions or clusters, and the external effects of urban growth are carried mainly by the marginalized and the environment putting urban health increasingly at risk. Here we address the question of why human societies have not been better at collectively adapting to the challenges of urbanization and global environmental change? We build a theoretical framework of multi-level selection, complex systems evolution, and governance, following which we then present ‘human-scale’ and ‘people-centered’ ideas of urban development as expressions of two types of socio-political organization with different degrees of self-organization. We found several reasons for which the maladies of current urban development emerged and the seeming inability to resolve them. First, urban systems became increasingly interconnected and evolved into ultrasocial superorganisms, displaying preference to sustain themselves as a whole rather than their subordinates. Second, the difference in scaling effects between the biological and the social network contributed to the mismatch between rapid urban growth and slow adaptation. Furthermore, institutions of decreased variety reinforce themselves and become dominant, creating a positive feedback mechanism and promoting invasive and exploitative exponential growth, but they also reduce the creativity and resilience of urban systems. We also found that both the “human-scale” and the “people-centered” approaches acknowledge the exponential growth and decreasing variety in urban systems, and advocate for correcting the mismatches. To incorporate people's needs and values for long-term, truly sustainable urban health governance, we recommend combining the self-organizing, evolutionary feature of “human-scale” and the coordinative, political feature of “people-centeredness.”     

基于跨境社交平台的产品推广模式研究

论文调查分析了近年来热度较高的跨境社交媒体平台以及相关使用数据,利用相关性分析方法分析了多个平台的数据,在此过程中发现了各平台间具有相当高的互惠性,并运用互惠比例和推广方式适配度模型完成了对跨境社交平台的运行模式以及推广方式的对比分析,最终研究得出跨境社交媒体平台的产品推广模式。     

基于PSR模型的北京市西北生态涵养区生态健康评价研究

研究目的:作为保障首都生态环境质量与可持续发展的关键区域,北京市西北生态涵养区的生态健康程度反映了生态文明战略部署下首都高质量发展的综合成效。本文通过构建北京市西北生态涵养区健康评价指标体系,评价该区域的生态健康程度,为生态涵养区的可持续发展提供对策建议。研究方法:PSR模型、层次分析法(AHP)。研究结果:(1)基于PSR模型构建的生态健康评价指标体系包括压力、状态和响应系统3个准则层和10个评价指标,涵盖涵养区自然生态和人类活动影响;(2)研究区4个时段的健康指数分别为0.673、0.664、0.650、0.687,生态健康等级为一般。研究结论:北京市西北涵养区生态健康状况较为稳定,在保持西北涵养区建设现有成果的基础上,需要加大生态建设的力度,进一步提高生态健康水平。     

The impact of perceived benefits and risks on current and desired levels of outsourcing: Hotel managers’ perspective

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the interactions between perceived benefits and risks of outsourcing and outsourcing adoption from the hoteliers’ perspective. Data were collected from 123 hotels in Egypt using a list of 32 hotel activities. Results revealed that managers’ perceived benefits of outsourcing had a direct positive effect on the current level of outsourcing, while indirect effects on the desired level of outsourcing. Interestingly, results confirmed the mediating role of current outsourcing between managers’ perceived benefits and the desired outsourcing. However, the perceived risks of outsourcing had a nonsignificant moderating effect. The findings provide implications for both theory and practice.     

人工智能在我国公共卫生建设中的应用与思考

新冠疫情的暴发以及长期防治对中国的公共卫生体系造成深远影响，给我国突发公共卫生事件应急与防控机制带来巨大的考验。在疫情防控的过程中，信息化技术为传统医疗机构带来瞩目的帮助与改变，人工智能、大数据、5G高速网络等新兴高科技的蓬勃发展在直接提升医疗水平方面表现出巨大潜力。本文就人工智能在疫情期间的医疗辅助功能展开讨论，并对未来我国公共卫生体系的建设进行了思考。     

基于中医体质学的康复花园参与性设计 健康增益评价研究

以“PlanT”康复花园的场所设计及志愿者参与性活 动设计为疗愈方法，通过循证实验设计，采用中医体质量表评 价健康增益。研究结果表明：其花园参与性设计对志愿者有不 同的健康增益效果。26.67%的志愿者在参与活动后，曾由偏 颇体质转为平和体质，其中有16.67%转为平和体质并持续到 活动结束。活动结束时，在各体质的亚量表中，志愿者平和质 得分显著高于活动前，8种偏颇体质得分整体均有下降，其中5 种与活动前得分有极显著差异，2种有显著差异。调查问卷结果 表明：志愿者主观认为康复花园参与性设计对健康有明显增益 作用。选择9月采集中医体质量表数据，将实验组与对照组进行 对比，得到实验组转为平和质的人数较对照组高14%，实验组 中有2种体质在活动前后的亚量表分数有显著差异，对照组均无 显著差异。研究表明，康复花园参与性设计对本案例45~70岁 人群的健康增益有效。     

浅析中职学校心理健康课程的改革实践

已有数百年历史的国家其发展计划是基于教育的,而教育的基础是人,所有的教育必须以人为本。对人而言,最重要的是一个人的身心健康,学生除了应该在学校考虑身体健康,更重要的是应认真考虑其心理健康。学校的心理健康教育不仅可以帮助学生学习得更好,还可以教会学生如何控制自己的情绪,如何学习以及如何与他人建立关系。论文对中职学校心理健康课程的改革实践进行了分析。